Constitutional Provisions For Education B.Ed Notes?

What are the constitutional provisions of language education

Six Constitutional Provisions on Language That You Should Know About Sushma Swaraj recently made news when she said that the Government of India was making efforts to accord Hindi the status of an official language in the United Nations. Shashi Tharoor promptly the move, pointing out that Hindi wasn’t the national language of the country, only an official one.

1. Article 29 of the Constitution of India protects the interests of minorities. The Article states that any section of the citizens who have a “distinct language, script or culture of its own shall have the right to conserve the same.”
2. Article 343 is about the official language of the Union of India. According to this Article, it is to be Hindi in Devnagri script, and numerals should follow the international form of Indian numerals. This Article also states that English will continue to be used as an official language for 15 years from the commencement of the Constitution.
3. Article 346 is about the official language for communication between the states and between a state and the Union. The Article states that the “authorised” language will be used. However, if two or more states agree that their communications shall be in Hindi, then Hindi may be used.
4. Article 347 gives the President the power to recognise a language as an official language of a given state, provided that the President is satisfied that a substantial proportion of that state desires that the language be recognised. Such recognition can be for a part of the state or the whole state.
5. Article 350B provides for the establishment of a Special Officer for linguistic minorities. The Officer shall be appointed by the President and shall investigate all matters relating to the safeguards for linguistic minorities, reporting directly to the President. The President may then place the reports before each house of the Parliament or send them to the governmentss of the states concerned.
6. The Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India contains a list of 22 recognised official languages. These are:

• Assamese Bengali Gujarati Hindi Kannada Kashmiri Konkani Malayalam Manipuri Marathi Nepali Oriya Punjabi Sanskrit Sindhi Tamil Telugu Urdu Bodo Santhali Maithili
• Dogra

: Six Constitutional Provisions on Language That You Should Know About
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What are the legal provisions for girl child education in India

The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act (RTE), 2009, makes elementary education a fundamental right under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution. It, however, excludes children below 6 years and 15-18 years from its ambit.
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What are the constitutional provisions

What do you Mean by Constitutional Provisions? – Constitutional Provisions are the set of rules or laws that come under a country’s Constitution. It establishes the fundamental rights and duties of the citizens. These cannot be changed or altered by the court or common law. If the provisions are to be changed, they must go through a specific process.
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What are the three constitutional provisions?

Key Takeaways – The Constitution established a national government distinguished by federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, and bicameralism. It divided power and created conflicting institutions—between three branches of government, across two chambers of the legislature, and between national and state levels.
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What are the constitutional provisions related to children?

Constitution of India | HAQ : Centre for Child Rights The Indian constitution accords rights to children as citizens of the country, and in keeping with their special status the State has even enacted special laws. The Constitution, promulgated in 1950, encompasses most rights included in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child as Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy.

Over the years, many individuals and public interest groups have approached the apex court for restitution of fundamental rights, including child rights. The Directive Principles of State Policy articulate social and economic rights that have been declared to be “fundamental in the governance of the country and the duty of the state to apply in making laws” (Article 37).

The government has the flexibility to undertake appropriate legislative and administrative measures to ensure children’s rights; no court can make the government ensure them, as these are essentially directives. These directives have enabled the judiciary to give some landmark judgements promoting children’s rights, leading to Constitutional Amendments as is in the case of the 86th Amendment to the Constitution that made Right to Education a fundamental right.

Right to free and compulsory elementary education for all children in the 6-14 year age group (Article 21 A) Right to be protected from any hazardous employment till the age of 14 years (Article 24) Right to be protected from being abused and forced by economic necessity to enter occupations unsuited to their age or strength (Article 39(e)) Right to equal opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and guaranteed protection of childhood and youth against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment (Article 39 (f)) Right to early childhood care and education to all children until they complete the age of six years (Article 45)

Besides, Children also have rights as equal citizens of India, just as any other adult male or female:

Right to equality (Article 14) Right against discrimination (Article 15) Right to personal liberty and due process of law (Article 21) Right to being protected from being trafficked and forced into bonded labour (Article 23) Right of minorities for protection of their interests (Article 29) Right of weaker sections of the people to be protected from social injustice and all forms of exploitation (Article 46) Right to nutrition and standard of living and improved public health (Article 47)

: Constitution of India | HAQ : Centre for Child Rights
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What are the legal provisions for girl child education

10 Legal Rights Of The Girl Child In India The birth of a is still not welcomed in many parts of the country. It is said that in India, a girl is discriminated against right from womb to tomb. There are chances she may face neglect when it comes to her health, well-being, education, and opportunities, due to her,

1. Since it’s National Girl Child Day in India on January 24, a day dedicated to conversations about the upliftment of the girl child, we reached out to Manasi Chaudhari, Founder of, to share her inputs on the legal rights that a girl child has in India.
2. According to law, a girl child is any female below the age of 18 years.

Scroll down to read the 10 basic legal rights available to girl children in India.1. Right Against Female Foeticide As female foeticide, that is, killing of a female foetus in the womb itself, rose to an all-time high, the government banned pre-natal sex determination. Foeticide By STEKLO | www.shutterstock.com 2. Right To Education The Right to Education Act, 2009, provides all children between the ages of six and 14 years the right to free and compulsory elementary education. Although this law is gender-neutral, it gives a push to the education of girl children, by giving them enhanced access to schooling.3.

Right To Be Raised In A Safe Environment All children, including female children, have the right to be brought up in a safe and protected environment. The Juvenile Justice Act makes it illegal for parents and guardians of children to abuse, assault, neglect, or abandon a child.4. Right Against Abusive Family Members The Domestic Violence Act protects all females from any kind of physical, emotional, sexual, or financial abuse by family members.

The protection extends to all family members with whom the female shares a house—including her own family like parents, siblings, uncles, aunts, etc. Therefore, this law protects female children from being abused at home. Sexual Abuse ‘Stridhan ‘ is the property of a female, both movable and immovable, which is her own. It can be a gift, inheritance, maintenance, or even her own earnings. Only she has rights over her ‘ stridhan ‘ and she can exclusively decide what she wants to do with it.

This law applies only to Hindus.6. Right To Inherit Property Since 2005, Hindu women have equal rights as men to inherit property. Therefore, a girl can inherit the same amount of property as her brother. Inheritance can be through a Will or through succession (if the deceased person does not leave a Will, the property will pass on to legal heirs according to the law).7.

Right Against Child Marriage the minimum age of marriage for girls is 18 years (and for boys, it’s 21 years). Any adult responsible for marrying a female child under the age of 18 can be punished by law. Interestingly, the Parliament is now looking to increase the marriageable age for girls to 21 years now (on par with boys). Child Marriage By Ritesh Ranjan Sett | www.shutterstock.com 8. Right Against Sexual Harassment Sexual harassment broadly means any kind of unwelcome physical contact, sexual gestures, comments, sexual advances, requests for sexual favours, etc. by a man to a woman.

1. Indian law protects all women from sexual harassment by men.
2. By virtue of this law, every girl child in India is protected against sexual harassment.9.
3. Right Against Sexual Harassment At The Workplace It is common for young girls these days to intern or work in offices, while they are still studying.
4. The Prevention of Sexual Harassment at Workplace Act protects all female workers, whether they are full-time, part-time, consultants, or even interns, against any kind of sexual harassment at work.10.

Right to Abortion A female child has the right to abortion to terminate an unwanted pregnancy. The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 permits a minor girl to have an abortion, with the written consent of her guardian. However, abortion is only permitted under special conditions like if the pregnancy is ‘likely to cause injury to the physical or mental health of the pregnant women’.
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What are the constitutional provisions of the State for the education of the girl child?

2.5 The 86th Amendment has made education from 6-14 years of age a Fundamental Right of the children of India.
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What is the importance of constitutional provisions

Constitutional Provisions for Access to Information A constitution is the basic law of a given country. It lays out the formal structure of the state, defining the central governments powers and institutions. Moreover, it specifies the relationship between the central government and other levels.
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Which is the most important provisions in the Constitution?

Article 32 – Remedies for enforcement of fundamental rights – Art i cle 32 is referred to as the heart and soul of the Indian Constitution. It was Dr.B.R. Ambedkar who referred to Article 32 as the most important provision of the Constitution. During one of the constitutional debates, Dr.B.R.

1. Ambedkar iterated “If I was asked to name any particular article in this Constitution as the most important — an article without which this Constitution would be a nullity — I could not refer to any other article except this one.
2. It is the very soul of the Constitution and the very heart of it.” The reason for the prime importance of the provision is that it guarantees the right to constitutional remedies through the writs.

The writs are invested with the Hon’ble Supreme Court in order to provide security to every citizen. There are five types of writs that are provided under Article 32 of the Constitution – habeas corpus, mandamus, quo warranto, prohibition and certiorari.

The citizens can approach the Apex Court to enforce any of these writs in order to safeguard their rights. While performing the duties provided by the Constitution, the Hon’ble Supreme Court is considered to be on qui vive, which is the Latin phrase for vigilant. The issue of hate speech was raised in the case of Pravasi Bhalai Sangathan v.

the Union of India (2014), wherein the petitioner sought to get some directions from the Hon’ble Supreme Court. However, the Court held that the power under Article 32 does not amount to the legislative powers of the Court. These powers can only be exercised in cases where a law does not exist on any matter.

There are sufficient statutes and laws in relation to curbing the practice of hate speech. In Subhash Popatlal Dave v. the Union of India (2013), it was held that in order to enforce a right under Article 32, the aggrieved person must first allow the due operation and implementation of the law and exhaust the remedies available.

Article 32 and Article 226 have to be treated as the last resort as these rights must be used sparingly and in circumstances where no other efficacious remedy is available.
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What are 2 provisions in the Constitution?

The Constitution concisely organizes the country’s basic political institutions. The main text comprises seven articles. Article I vests all legislative powers in the Congress—the House of Representatives and the Senate, The Great Compromise stipulated that representation in the House would be based on population, and each state is entitled to two senators.

1. Members of the House serve terms of two years, senators terms of six.
2. Among the powers delegated to Congress are the right to levy taxes, borrow money, regulate interstate commerce, provide for military forces, declare war, and determine member seating and rules of procedure.
3. The House initiates impeachment proceedings, and the Senate adjudicates them.

Article II vests executive power in the office of the presidency of the United States, The president, selected by an electoral college to serve a four-year term, is given responsibilities common to chief executives, including serving as commander in chief of the armed forces, negotiating treaties (two-thirds of the Senate must concur), and granting pardons.

The president’s vast appointment powers, which include members of the federal judiciary and the cabinet, are subject to the “advice and consent” (majority approval) of the Senate (Article II, Section 2). Originally presidents were eligible for continual reelection, but the Twenty-second Amendment (1951) later prohibited any person from being elected president more than twice.

Although the formal powers of the president are constitutionally quite limited and vague in comparison with those of the Congress, a variety of historical and technological factors—such as the centralization of power in the executive branch during war and the advent of television —have increased the informal responsibilities of the office extensively to embrace other aspects of political leadership, including proposing legislation to Congress.

• Article III places judicial power in the hands of the courts,
• The Constitution is interpreted by the courts, and the Supreme Court of the United States is the final court of appeal from the state and lower federal courts.
• The power of American courts to rule on the constitutionality of laws, known as judicial review, is held by few other courts in the world and is not explicitly granted in the Constitution.

The principle of judicial review was first asserted by Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall in Marbury v. Madison (1803), when the court ruled that it had the authority to void national or state laws. Beyond the body of judicial rulings interpreting it, the Constitution acquires meaning in a broader sense at the hands of all who use it.

Congress on innumerable occasions has given new scope to the document through statutes, such as those creating executive departments, the federal courts, territories, and states; controlling succession to the presidency; and setting up the executive budget system. The chief executive also has contributed to constitutional interpretation, as in the development of the executive agreement as an instrument of foreign policy,

Practices outside the letter of the Constitution based on custom and usage are often recognized as constitutional elements; they include the system of political parties, presidential nomination procedures, and the conduct of election campaigns. The presidential cabinet is largely a constitutional “convention” based on custom, and the actual operation of the electoral college system is also a convention.

• Article IV deals, in part, with relations between the states and privileges of the citizens of the states.
• These provisions include the full faith and credit clause, which requires states to recognize the official acts and judicial proceedings of other states; the requirement that each state provide citizens from other states with all the privileges and immunities afforded the citizens of that state; and the guarantee of a republican form of government for each state.

Article V stipulates the procedures for amending the Constitution. Amendments may be proposed by a two-thirds vote of both houses of Congress or by a convention called by Congress on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the states. Proposed amendments must be ratified by three-fourths of the state legislatures or by conventions in as many states, depending on the decision of Congress.

All subsequent amendments have been proposed by Congress, and all but one—the Twenty-first Amendment (1933), which repealed prohibition (the Eighteenth Amendment )—have been ratified by state legislatures. Article VI, which prohibits religious tests for officeholders, also deals with public debts and the supremacy of the Constitution, citing the document as “the supreme Law of the Land;any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.” Article VII stipulated that the Constitution would become operational after being ratified by nine states.

The national government has only those constitutional powers that are delegated to it either expressly or by implication; the states, unless otherwise restricted, possess all the remaining powers ( Tenth Amendment ). Thus, national powers are enumerated (Article I, Section 8, paragraphs 1–17), and state powers are not.

The state powers are often called residual, or reserved, powers. The elastic, or necessary and proper, clause (Article I, Section 8, paragraph 18) states that Congress shall have the authority “To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution” the various powers vested in the national government.

Thus, it follows that, in addition to the delegated powers, Congress possesses implied powers, a proposition established by Chief Justice Marshall in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819). The issue of national versus state power was not fully resolved by this decision, however, and many political battles in American history—including debates on nullification, slavery, racial segregation, and abortion —often have been disputes over constitutional interpretations of implied and residual powers.

Competing concepts of federal supremacy and states’ rights were brought into sharp relief in questions about commercial regulation, The commerce clause simply authorized Congress “To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes.” Particularly since a series of decisions in 1937, the court has interpreted Congress’s regulatory power broadly under the commerce clause as new methods of interstate transportation and communication have come into use.

States may not regulate any aspect of interstate commerce that Congress has preempted.
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What are the 7 principles of the Constitution

The Constitution rests on seven basic principles. They are popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, federalism, checks and balances, republicanism, and individual rights. Popular Sovereignty The framers of the Constitution lived at a time when monarchs claimed that their power came from God.
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What does it say about education in the Constitution?

Your Right to Equality in Education Getting an education isn’t just about books and grades – we’re also learning how to participate fully in the life of this nation. (We’re tomorrow’s leaders after all!) But in order to really participate, we need to know our rights – otherwise we may lose them.

The highest law in our land is the U.S. Constitution, which has some amendments, known as the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights guarantees that the government can never deprive people in the U.S. of certain fundamental rights including the right to freedom of religion and to free speech and the due process of law.

Many federal and state laws give us additional rights, too. The Bill of Rights applies to young people as well as adults. And what I’m going to do right here is tell you about EQUAL TREATMENT, DO ALL KIDS HAVE THE RIGHT TO AN EQUAL EDUCATION? Yes! All kids living in the United States have the right to a free public education.

And the Constitution requires that all kids be given equal educational opportunity no matter what their race, ethnic background, religion, or sex, or whether they are rich or poor, citizen or non-citizen. Even if you are in this country illegally, you have the right to go to public school. The ACLU is fighting hard to make sure this right isn’t taken away.

In addition to this constitutional guarantee of an equal education, many federal, state and local laws also protect students against discrimination in education based on sexual orientation or disability, including pregnancy and HIV status. In fact, even though some kids may complain about having to go to school, the right to an equal educational opportunity is one of the most valuable rights you have.
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What are the three parts of the constitution for kids

The Constitution – The Constitution is the framework for the federal government of the United States. It is the highest form of law in the country. The Constitution creates the branches of government and gives them the power to govern. However, it also protects the citizens of the United States and guarantees their basic rights.

• History of the Constitution Articles of Confederation The first Constitution was called the Articles of Confederation, which was ratified in 1781.
• The Articles of Confederation had issues, however.
• The main issue was that the government had no money or way to get money under the Articles.
• The army wasn’t being paid and was deserting.

Debts to foreign countries weren’t being paid. The government became too weak and a new constitution was needed. Constitutional Convention In May of 1787 the Constitutional Convention gathered to discuss changes to the Articles of the Confederation. After some debate it became apparent to the representatives that a new Constitution was needed. Constitution of the United States from the National Archives A primary aim of the Constitution was to create a government that would be powerful enough to run the country, but would not impose on people’s or state’s rights. To avoid too much power being held by one person or group, they created the Balance of Power between the three branches of government: Executive, Legislative, and Judicial.

There were two primary competing plans for the Constitution: Virginia Plan – The Virginia plan was written by James Madison, It represented the desires of the larger states and said that the number of representatives to Congress should be based on the state’s population. New Jersey Plan – The New Jersey plan was written by William Paterson from New Jersey,

It represented the smaller states and said that each state should have the same number of representatives. In the end, an agreement was reached called The Great Compromise. This allowed the number of representatives to the House be based on the state’s population while each state would have two representatives in the Senate.

Legislative Power Executive Power Judicial Power States’ Powers and Limits Amendments Federal Power Ratification

Ratification In order for the Constitution to go into effect, 9 of the 13 states needed to ratify it. The first state to ratify the Constitution was Delaware on December 7, 1787. The last state was Rhode Island in May of 1790. Preamble to the Constitution “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.” Interesting Facts about the Constitution

James Madison is often called the father of the Constitution since so much of his work and ideas were incorporated into the final document. Gouverneur Morris wrote the Constitution and is widely credited with authoring the famous preamble.39 of the 55 delegates at the convention signed the document. Many who refused did so because of the lack of a Bill of Rights. The US Constitution is the oldest written constitution still used in the world today. The Constitution that is on display at the National Archives was penned by Jacob Shallus. There are currently 27 amendments to the Constitution.

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Take a ten question quiz about this page. Listen to a recorded reading of this page: Your browser does not support the audio element. Read about George Washington and Constitutional Convention,

To learn more about the United States government: Works Cited History >> US Government
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What provision do we have for the protection of children?

Protecting India’s children from violence, abuse and exploitation – India has a wide range of laws to protect children and child protection is increasingly accepted as a core component of social development. The challenge is in implementing the laws due to inadequate human resource capacity on the ground and quality prevention and rehabilitation services.

As a result, millions of children are prone to violence, abuse and exploitation. Violence takes place in all settings: at home, school, childcare institutions, work and in the community. Often violence is perpetrated by someone known to the child. India has a fairly comprehensive policy and legal framework addressing rights and protection for children, providing opportunities to ensure that all children have equal access to quality protection services.

The core child protection legislation for children is enshrined in four main laws: The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Act (2000, amended in 2015); The Prohibition of Child Marriage Act (2006); The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (2012), and The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act (1986, amended in 2016).  Over the past five years, notable efforts have been made to set up fast track courts and deal with cybercrime against children and women.  In 2019, the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Bill was amended, stipulating stricter punishment for sexual crimes against children.

Violence against children is widespread and remains a harsh reality for millions of children from all socio-economic groups in India. Both girls and boys in India face early marriage, domestic abuse, sexual violence, violence at home and in school, trafficking, online violence, child labour and bullying.

All forms of violence, abuse and exploitation have lifelong consequences on children’s lives. Exact data on violence, abuse and exploitation is not sufficient, but overall the nation is becoming increasingly aware of violence against children, especially sexual abuse.

Several cases that may have earlier gone unnoticed, are now being reported. Anger and shock at child sexual abuse and violence against children are not enough. We all need to come together to #ENDviolence against children. Violence against children is widespread and remains a harsh reality for millions of children from all socio-economic groups in India.

Both girls and boys in India face early marriage, domestic abuse, sexual violence, violence at home and in school, trafficking, online violence, child labour and bullying. All forms of violence, abuse and exploitation have long-lasting consequences on children’s lives.

• Exact data on violence, abuse and exploitation is not sufficient but overall India is becoming increasingly aware of violence against children, especially sexual abuse.
• Several cases that may have earlier gone unnoticed, are now being reported.
• Anger and shock at child sexual abuse are not enough.
• We all need to come together to #ENDviolence against children.

India has articulated its commitment to eliminating child marriage through numerous policies, laws and programmes. The country’s progress in the past decade is one of the strongest among countries in South Asia. Yet, one in four Indian girls aged 20-24 were found to have been married before 18 years of age, as per the National Family Health Survey (2019-21).

1. The persistence of child marriage remains a potential deterrent to India’s likelihood of achieving Sustainable Development Goal 5 by 2030.  Child labour remains a complex problem in India.
2. Despite proactive legislative measures and policies to combat the problem, the decline in child labour has been less progressive than expected.

Children are most often found working in agriculture and households, with girls often being invisible.  Data on sexual violence is scarce and is mainly based on the reporting of cases, thus implying that the figures underestimate the magnitude of the problem, especially as many cases go unreported.

From the cases that are reported, it can be observed that sexual abusers are mainly male and often individuals known to the child. As per the National Family Health Survey (2019-21), 1.5% of young women in the age group 18-29 reported having experienced sexual violence before the age of 18. UNICEF strongly believes that all children have the right to grow in a safe and nurturing family environment.

Yet, across the world, children continue to be separated or are at a risk of being separated from their families. These children include those living on the streets, transport terminals, and childcare institutions as well as child workers or child victims of human trafficking.
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What is the constitutional provision for achieving educational equality?

Article 29(1) states ‘No citizen shall be denied admission into any educational institution maintained by the State or receiving aid out of State funds, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them.’
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What are the constitutional provisions for exceptional children

Children with disabilities shall have the right to free books, scholarships, uniform and other learning material. Special Schools for children with disabilities shall be equipped with vocational training facilities. Non-formal education shall be promoted for children with disabilities.
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What is the main provisions of the right to education Act 2010?

Main provisions of the Act: Every child between the ages of six to fourteen years shall have the right to free and compulsory education in a neighbourhood school, till completion of elementary education – External website that opens in a new window.
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What are the constitutional provisions to promote linguistic diversity inside the classroom?

Article 30 (1) of the Constitution of India provides a fundamental right to linguistic minorities to establish and administer educational institutes of their choice.
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What is the role of constitutional provisions on inclusive education

Inclusive education is a practice of teaching handicapped children in regular classrooms with non-handicapped children to the fullest extent possible; such children may have orthopedic, intellectual, emotional, or visual difficulties or handicaps associated with hearing or learning.

In India there are constitutional provisions for Inclusive Education. Education is the right of all children, and IE aims to ensure that all children have access to an appropriate, relevant, affordable and effective education within their community. This education starts in the home with the family, and th includes formal, non-formal and all types of community-based education initiatives.

Article 14, Article 21A, The 86 Constitutional Amendment Act 2002 of the Indian Constitution clarifies that “all” includes children with disabilities as well. This article will discuss Concept of inclusive education, Specific Terms in inclusive education such as Impairment, Disability, Special Educational Needs, Learning Difficulty, Mental Handicap, Indian Constitution about Inclusive Education, Reasons For Inclusion, The inclusive education programmes under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Provisions for CWSN (Children With Special Needs) under SSA and a case study on inclusive education.

Descriptors: Inclusion, Educational Practices, Definitions, Accessibility (for Disabled), Disabilities, Mainstreaming, Special Needs Students, Relevance (Education), Constitutional Law, Equal Education, Civil Rights, Case Studies, Educational Legislation, Foreign Countries i-manager Publications.3-343 Hill View, Town Railway Nagar, Nagercoil 629001, Tamil Nadu, India.

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What does the Constitution say about languages

The constitution does not separate languages into national and regional ones, but rather differentiates between national and regional exercise of language rights.
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